Hey there, viewers! Welcome to the Bestie channel. Do you love smoothies? Well today’s video will make you want topour yourself an extra glass every morning. Smoothies, especially made with full-fat yogurt,are great for your health. Let’s talk about what it can do to yourbody if you eat one every day for one whole week. Will it reduce your joint pain? Maybe boost immunity? How about providing relief from a yeast infection? We will be discussing all of that AND more… Relief from yeast infectionYeast infections can be pretty annoying. But yogurt will definitely help. Does science support this weird claim? It turns out YES! Studies show significant improvement in yeastinfections after women struggling with them started including yogurt in their daily lifestyle. Introduce yogurt into your diet and preventyeast infection. Yogurt is great for boosting your overallhealth when eaten. You can also apply it externally at the siteof yeast infection. A study has suggested applying yogurt is infact more effective than applying an antifungal cream. Yeast infection is one of the most commonproblems faced by women, especially those who have diabetes. Some of the symptoms of this condition areitchiness, burning while peeing, and soreness. There can be redness, rashes and painful eruptionstoo. This is in addition to a foul-smelling whitish-greydischarge. You need to treat yeast infection as soonas possible. If left untreated, it can turn out to be sosevere, it will affect your day-to-day life. You can use honey along with yogurt. There has been research on this, and it wasreported this honey and yogurt combo was an effective alternative treatment for yeastinfections in pregnant women. Just remember one thing. Always use plain natural yogurt to treat yeastinfections, instead of fancy store-bought flavored ones. Speaking of flavored yogurts, which one doyou like the best? Do you eat it plain or make a smoothie withyogurt? Share your preferences with the Bestie communityin the comments below. Forget your joint aches and painsYou know the worst part about getting old? It’s not the wrinkles. It’s not getting slower. It’s the aches and pains! It’s these joint aches that stop you fromgoing on the trips you once loved. You need to focus even more on meeting yournutritional needs. It’s important for the overall well-beingof the body. This includes a special focus on calcium,as it takes care of your bones. It works along with Vitamin D to strengthenboth bones and joints. And for this same reason, you need to eatyogurt daily. It is rich in both calcium and vitamin D.Eating full-fat yogurt for just 1 week will provide you relief from bone aches and pains. It protects your bones and reduces your riskof osteoporosis. You need to eat yogurt daily if you want tokeep your bones healthy. In fact, it is even more important to includeyogurt in your kid’s diet. This way, the bone-strengthening process beginsearly for them. There is fortified yogurt available on themarket to give you generous amounts of vitamin D and calcium. Just go for it! Stronger immunity and reduced cravingsThere is a delicious way to boost your immunity. It involves eating full-fat yogurt! Yogurt is effective against some of the mostdeadly bacteria and viruses out there. The good bacteria in this delicious food helpsto strengthen your immunity. But not just this, there is a high amountof protein in yogurt, which further supports your metabolism by increasing your energyexpenditure. Wait, there is more to it. Have you been binge eating lately? Add yogurt to your daily diet and see howit drives away your hunger pains. Yogurt boosts hormones that signal fullnessand stops you from overeating. This results in your calorie intake comingdown naturally. This is the reason why yogurt, especiallyGreek yogurt is included in the majority of weight-loss diets. Greek Yogurt is really dense, offering a higheramount of protein compared to the regular kinds. A Happy StomachA good bowl of yogurt in the morning can mark the beginning of a happy day. For chronic digestive issues, eat yogurt daily. You can have it on its own, or even make smoothies. Blueberry yogurt smoothies with a pinch ofsaffron is super delicious! Having said that, stay away from pasteurizedyogurts, which have been subjected to heat treatment. Because pasteurization kills good bacteriain the yogurt. Always choose yogurt with effective probiotics. Check the label of the yogurt and you’llfind out. A Healthy ColonHaving regular bowel movements is very important for your health. If you find yourself constantly strugglingwith constipation and bloating, yogurt can be a lifesaver. Just make sure that your digestive issuesaren’t caused by lactose intolerance. That would be a problem. The function your colon plays in your bodyis greatly underestimated. Your colon is the ultimate part of the digestivesystem. It works to reabsorb food and process thewaste products to be eliminated from your body. Imagine what would happen if your colon startsacting up. Well that’s one of the reasons why peoplehave chronic health issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Greek yogurt even reduces your chances ofgetting colon cancer! There are healthy probiotic bacteria in yogurtthat provide relief from the uncomfortable symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Wondering if this means eating the same boringyogurt every day? Well, you don’t exactly need to. You have so many fruits to try with yogurt. Start with my favorite kind… Mango. You can make it at home. Do not forget to add solid mango chunks toyour mango yogurt smoothie for more taste. It’s awesome for the summer time. Before we move ahead, here is a video youmight like. Did you know that hormonal imbalance is oneof the leading causes of fertility issues in women? Watch this video to know more about the 9symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women. Reduce the side effects of antibioticsDon’t get me wrong. I am not saying antibiotics are all bad. But it is true that they can sometimes causedigestive upsets like bloating, indigestion, diarrhea, and nausea. Some people experience strong side effectsof antibiotics. These are accompanied by bouts of vomitingand even allergies. But you can combat these side effects througheating yogurt. It has probiotics that provide relief fromindigestion and bloating. This is why nutrition experts also suggesttaking probiotics or live health bacteria with meals in order to reduce the irritationof the bowel caused by strong meds. A Boost In NutrientsYogurt can serve as your daily dose of natural nutrients. And if you love your heart and skin, you mustadd some yogurt to your diet. It contains the right amount of calcium andminerals necessary for healthy bones and teeth. You get loads of Vitamin B12 and Riboflavinfrom yogurt. Both these nutrients protect your heart andsave the young fetus from certain neural birth defects. So now you know why it’s highly recommendedfor pregnant women. Did you know that only one cup of yogurt meets30% of your daily dose of Calcium, 23% of Phosphorous, and 11% of Potassium? It is important to get these nutrients fromyour diet, as they are needed for various biological processes. These include regulating your blood pressure,promoting bone health, and boosting metabolism. A Break From SugarIt is normal to crave an icy-cool sugary drink, or sweet snack after an intense workout. But don’t give in to this craving. All your efforts to burn off those extra poundswill be in vain. Instead, sit down with a bowl of yogurt andyou would have the best of both the worlds. The cooling effect of the body, and a protein-richhealthy snack to help your muscles recover. In fact, it is one of the most popular post-workoutsnacks among fitness enthusiasts. There’s something more interesting! When you eat a bowl full of Greek Yogurt within60 minutes of your workout, amino acids are released by the body. This will repair your tired muscles. This one could keep you full for an hour onend. It will also stop you from eating everythingthat comes your way. Your blood pressure is more regulatedHigh BP can lead to health problems like heart issues and kidney troubles. One of the primary culprits behind hypertensionis eating excess salt. But if you eat yogurt each day, your bodywill be able to get rid of the excess sodium rather easily. Research has found that people are at lesserrisk of getting high blood pressure if yogurt is a regular part of their diet. In fact, if you have blood pressure problems,start eating yogurt more. It will regulate your blood pressure naturally. Do you like eating yogurt? Would you consider eating it more after watchingthis video? Let us know in the comments below. We would love to hear from you!
Hello, viewer. Weight loss will be followed by fatigue and constant tiredness. But if you are looking for a body transformation, we would have some tips for you! Let's Discuss 9 Healthy Ways to Lose 20 Weights Quickly. You may ask, "why 20 pounds"? Weight loss of 20 pounds [20 kg] is enough to reduce your body fat and lower your blood pressure. Now what do I not eat? How much water should I drink? Are “days of deception” really worth it? We talk all of that AND more! When you start your weight change, calorie counting is a good first step to forgetting on track. Did you know that the average adult lifts more than 2000 calories a day? While this may seem a bit awkward, it is certainly easy to lose track and move on. The average Big Mac combo from McDonald's is only 1100 calories. As it turns out, the daily diet for the average woman is actually between 1600 to 2400 calories, while the male is 2000 to 3000. Needless to say, there is definitely something to be done for most of us. First, try to reduce your portion of the intake with each meal. If you continue with that McDonald'scombo, skipping fries removes 510 calories. While counting calories is a good first step, you will not be the only one you can count on to lose weight. Over time, you should be making healthy food choices such as… Eating More FiberAs the fiber slows down your digestive system, it keeps your stomach feeling for longer. Because of its benefits, daily intake of fiber between 25 and 30 grams is recommended. But most people only consume an average of 15 grams per day. A 2001 study concluded that increasing your fiber intake by 14 grams per day led to a 10% reduction in calorie consumption. Over a period of about four months, this fiber-weight gain of 4.5 pounds. What a Bedtime Meal! Self-deprecating thinking is a scary idea that you can get yourself a perfect pizza before hitting the sack… Okay for most people, that’s true. This includes me. Don't tell anyone ... Bedtime meals are a great benefit to the weight loss donor. It is recommended that your last meal of the day be between two and three hours before bedtime. This way, you have time to cut out some calories before your body shuts down overnight. Eating foods, especially high-calorie foods, causes your body fat level to increase while you sleep. That is why we often wake up feeling tired and sad. Eating late will make you feel less hungry the next morning. As a result, your first meal of the day is likely to be larger than usual, resulting in overeating. Throughout the day, your body may be busy digesting food. This means that your dinner can be combined with your lunch, as you are still processing it from that afternoon. Have a good breakfast This may seem crazy. Let me explain. If you eat before bed, you may not be in themood for breakfast. A great breakfast will not only set the tone for the rest of the day, but it will also fill you up, reducing your desire for more food. Also, if you are trying to live a healthy life, what better way to start your day than a healthy breakfast? Boil three eggs, and a few vegetables. Maybe you finished eating bananas. Keep in mind, using this procedure ONLY will not help you lose weight. If you eat a large, healthy, fiber-filled breakfast while following the other steps on this list, you will lose 20 pounds as soon as you think. Cut CarbsYou have never heard of this before. Like cutting calories, reducing the carbohydrates you get is very important when you lose weight. It is also linked to the decline in Type 2 Diabetes. Cutting carbs is difficult. We don’t realize how many we spend all day. If you follow the standard 2000 caloriediet, you are probably using 225 to 325 grams of carbs. If you are trying to lose weight, cut your carb diet to somewhere between 50 and 150 grams. A 2001 study found that consuming low-carb diets can reduce your appetite. This way, you eat fewer calories. We are not saying that you need to switch to Keto diet immediately. But if you would like to lose a few pounds, cut back on your high-carb-intensive foods such as potatoes, oats, brown rice, dried and white bread. With this type of discipline, you will come close to losing 20 pounds. Before we move on, are you looking for healthy eating choices? Watch our video on 9 Amazing Pumpkin HealthBenefits Awesome. Or maybe you will benefit from our clipon of what coriander will do to your body. Now let’s get back to our list of 9 HealthyWays To Lose 20 Pounds Soon. Drink Water! Let's cut to the food talk just a moment. Instead of worrying about carbs and fiber, focus on water. No weight loss diet is complete without the misuse of H2O. Did you know that your body already has 60% water? Since we are constantly urinating and sweating, it is easy for us to lose that fluid. In the past, daily nominations for 8 cups have been suggested. But to prevent thirst, experts recommend that women drink up to 9 cups a day, while men have as many as 12 cups. Did you know that drinking 500 ml of water can speed up your metabolism by 30% in less than half an hour? If you drink this amount before meals, studies have shown that your calorie intake will decrease by 13%. If you stick to this process, you will be dropping the weight of your goal. Eat Less One of the smart things you can do to lose weight is to take your time eating. Kicking down food in seconds is not big enough. You want to enjoy your meal, don't you? When you eat less, your brain is deceived into thinking that your stomach is full. A 2010 study, which focused on 19 women, concluded that those who ate less noticed an increase in their sense of fullness and a decrease in calories. In another study from 2018, researchers found those topics that were common
Hey there, viewer. Losing weight can be tougher than gainingit. But if you’re looking to make a physicaltransformation, have we got some tips for you! Let’s discuss 9 Healthy Ways to Lose 20Pounds Quickly. You may be asking, “why 20 pounds”? A 20 pound weight loss is enough to decreaseyour body fat and lower your blood pressure. So what don’t I eat? How much water should I drink? Are “cheat days” actually good for you? We’re talking all that AND more! Count Your CaloriesWhen beginning your weight loss transformation, calorie counting is a great first step toget on track. Did you know that the average adult is suggestedno more than 2000 calories a day? While this seems like an awful lot, it’scertainly easy to lose track and go over. The average Big Mac combo from McDonald’sis 1100 calories alone. As it turns out, the daily intake for theaverage woman is actually between 1600 to 2400 calories, while a man is 2000 to 3000. Needless to say, there’s definitely workto be done for many of us. For starters, try reducing your portion sizewith each meal. If you are going to go ahead with that McDonald’scombo, skipping fries subtracts up to 510 calories already. While counting calories is a great first step,it cannot be the only one you rely on to lose weight. Over time, you should be making healthierdiet choices such as… Eating More FiberSince fiber moves slowly through your gastrointestinal system, it keeps your stomach feeling fulla lot longer. Due to its benefits, a daily fiber intakebetween 25 to 30 grams is recommended. But most people only consume an average of15 grams per day. A 2001 study concluded that increasing yourfiber intake by 14 grams per day led to a 10% decrease in calorie consumption. Over a four month period, this fiber increasecounts for a 4.5 pound weight loss. Stop Eating Before Bed! Imaging the terrifying thought of downinga whole pizza to yourself before hitting the sack… Well to many folks, that’s a reality. This includes me as well. Don’t tell anyone... Eating before bed is a major contributor toweight gain. It is recommended that your final meal ofthe day should be around 2 to 3 hours prior to going to sleep. This way, you have time to work off some caloriesbefore your body shuts down for the night. Consuming a meal, especially one high in calories,causes your level of body fat to increase while asleep. This is why we often wake up feeling exhaustedand miserable. Eating late will make you feel less hungrythe following morning. As a result, your first meal of the day maybe larger than it usually is, causing you to overeat. Over the course of the day, your body maystill be busy digesting food. This means that your dinner may overlap withyour lunch, as you are still processing it from that afternoon. Eat a Good BreakfastThis one may seem silly. Let me explain. If you eat before bed, you may not be in themood for breakfast. Not only will a large breakfast set the tonefor the rest of the day, but it also fills you up, lessening your desire for more foodlater on. Also, if you’re trying to live healthier,what better way to start your day than with a nutritious breakfast? Cook three eggs, along with a few vegetables. Possibly finish the meal off with a banana. Keep in mind, adopting this routine ALONEwill not help you lose weight. If you consume a large, healthy, fiber-filledbreakfast while following other steps on this list, you will drop 20 pounds sooner thanyou think. Cut the CarbsYou’ve definitely heard this one before. Like cutting calories, reducing your intakeof carbohydrates is extremely important when losing weight. It is also associated with decreasing yourrisk of Type 2 Diabetes. Cutting carbs is difficult. We don’t realize just how many we’re consumingthroughout the day. If you’re following the standard 2000 caloriediet, you’re probably consuming 225 to 325 grams of carbs. If you’re trying to lose weight, cut yourcarb intake down to somewhere between 50 to 150 grams. A study from 2001 showed that adopting a dietof lower carbs can slow down your appetite. This way, you are eating fewer calories. We’re not saying that you need to switchto the Keto diet right away. But if you’d like to shed a few pounds,reduce your intake of carb-heavy foods like sweet potatoes, oats, brown rice, raisinsand white bread. With this type of discipline, you will beone step closer to losing that 20 pounds. Before we continue, are you looking for healthierfood choices? Check out our video on 9 Amazing Pumpkin HealthBenefits That Will Surprise You. Or perhaps you’ll benefit from our clipon what coriander will do for your body. Now let’s get back to our list of 9 HealthyWays To Lose 20 Pounds Quickly. Drink More Water! Let’s cut the food talk for just a second. Instead of worrying about carbs and fiber,focus more on water. No weight loss diet is complete without theproper consumption of H2O. Did you know your body is already comprisedof 60% water? Since we are constantly urinating and sweating,it’s easy for us to lose that fluid. In the past, a daily intake of 8 cups hasbeen suggested. But in order to avoid dehydration, professionalsrecommend that women drink up to 9 cups a day, while men have a max of 12. Did you know that drinking 500 ml of watercan speed up your metabolism by 30% within just half an hour? If you drink this amount before a meal, studieshave shown that your calorie intake will decrease by 13%. If you stick to this routine, you will becloser to dropping your goal weight. Eat SlowlyOne of the smartest things you can do to lose weight is take your time eating. Scarfing down a meal in a matter of secondsis uncomfortable enough. You want to enjoy your food don’t you? When eating slowly, your brain is trickedinto thinking that your stomach is full. A study from 2010, which focused on 19 women,concluded that those who ate slowly saw an increased feeling of fullness along with adecrease in calories. In another study from 2018, researchers discoveredthat subjects who ate at a normal pace were 29% less likely to be obese. People who eat their food in a hurry, tendto gain weight quicker, as their brain has not had enough time to process that fact yourstomach is full. So if you do happen to order that Big Macmeal, the least you can do is slow down while your chewing. You want to savour every last greasy bite. Lots and Lots of CardioHow can we do a weight loss video without at least touching upon exercise? Cardio can contribute to better sleep, increasedbone density, a boost in self-esteem, reductions in stress & anxiety, and of course... a healthierbody. To lose weight, it is recommended that a persontakes part in 30 - 45 minutes of cardio. Did you know that running at a steady paceof 7.5 mph for 45 straight minutes can burn almost 700 calories? That’s some people’s whole lunch! While a steady routine of running is great,you don’t need to do it every day. Too much cardio can have some serious effectson your muscles. Due to this reality, it is suggested thatyou limit your cardio to 5 days a week instead of 7. This leads into my next point. Have a Cheat DayThis one is extremely important. When we adopt a healthier living routine,it is easy to get too caught up in it. Don’t get me wrong, it’s great to be dedicatedand you will see results in the long run. It’s just that in order to see results quicker,you need to have a resting period. How often do you hear friends of yours bragabout their “cheat day”? Each week, it is recommended that we takeone day off from our regimen. And when I say a “day off”, I mean toeat what you please. This allows your body to hold onto the caloriesit has received, while ensuring that your metabolism is still healthy. These new calories give your body somethingto burn should you choose to exercise the following day. It’s also good to note that depriving yourselfof your favourite junk foods for too long will only lead to stronger cravings. Over time, your mind will go crazy, eventuallygiving into those urges and ruining your diet. Try doing your cheat day on a Saturday, asit leaves you something to work towards during the week. That, and your Saturday night outing withfriends is so much more fun when you can eat and drink whatever you desire. So grab that bag of Doritos, and shed thosepounds! Are you trying to lose weight? Would you consider trying any of these tipsafter watching our video? Let us know in the comments below. We would love to hear from you.
- [Presenter] For most of us, a mobile phone is a part of our lives. But I'm sure you're curious minds have always been struck by such questions as how a mobile phone makes a call, and why there are different generations of mobile communications? (upbeat music) Let's explore the technologybehind mobile communications. When you speak on your phone, your voice is picked up byyour phone's microphone. The microphone turns yourvoice into a digital signal with the help of MEMS sensor and IC. The digital signal contains your voice in the form of zeros and ones. An antenna inside the phonereceives these zeros and ones and transmits them in theform of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic wavestransmit the zeros and ones by altering the wave characteristics, such as the amplitude, frequency, phase, or combinations of these. For example, in the case of frequency, zero and one are transmitted by using low and highfrequencies respectively. So, if you could find a way to transmit these electromagnetic waves to your friend's phone, you would be able to establish a call. However, electromagnetic waves are incapable of traveling long distances. They lose their strengthdue to the presence of physical objects, electrical equipment, and some environmental factors. In fact, if there were no such issues, even then, electromagnetic waveswould not carry on forever, due to the Earth's curved structure. To overcome these issues,cell towers were introduced, using the concept of cellular technology. In cellular technology, a geographic area isdivided into hexagonal cells with each cell having itsown tower and frequency slot. Generally, these cell towersare connected through wires, or more specifically,optical fiber cables. These optical fiber cablesare laid under the ground or the ocean, to provide national orinternational connectivity. The electromagnetic wavesproduced by your phone are picked up by the tower in your cell and convert them into highfrequency light pulses. These light pulses are carriedto the base transceiver box, located at the base of the tower for further signal processing, After processing, yourvoice signal is routed towards the destination tower. Upon receiving the pulses, the destination tower radiates it outwards in the form of electromagnetic waves, and your friend's phonethen receives the signal. This signal undergoes a reverse process, and your friend hears your voice. So, it's true that mobile communications are not entirely wireless, they do use a wired medium too. This is how mobilecommunications are carried out. However, there was a big issue that we intentionally left unanswered. Mobile communication is only successful when your tower transfers thesignal to your friends tower. But how does your tower know in which cell tower areayour friend is located? Well, for this process,the cell tower gets help from something called amobile switching center. The MSC is the central pointof a group of cell towers. Before moving further, let's explain moreinformation about the MSC. When you purchase a SIM card, all the subscription information is registered in a specified MSC. This MSC will be your home MSC. The home MSC stores informationsuch as service plans, your current location,and your activity status. If you move outside therange of your home MSC, the new MSC, which serves you instead, is known as a foreign MSC. As you enter a foreign MSC region, it communicates with your home MSC. In short, your home MSC always knows which MSC area you are in. To understand in which celllocation the subscriber is within the MSE area, the MSC uses a few techniques. One way is to updatethe subscriber location after a certain period. When the phone crosses apredefined number of towers, the location update is again done. The last one of these iswhen the phone is turned on. Let's try to understandall of these procedures with an example. Suppose, Emma wants to call John. When Emma dials John's number, the call request arrivesat Emma's home MSC. Upon receiving John's number, the request will beforwarded to John's home MSC. Now, John's MSC checksfor his current MSC. If John is in his home MSC, the call requests will be immediately sent to his current cell location, and it checks whether Johnis engaged on another call, or if his mobile is switched off. If everything is positive,John's phone rings, and the call will be connected. However, if John is not in his home MSC, John's home MSC simplyforwards the call request to the foreign MSC. The foreign MSC will follow the previouslyexplained procedure to locate John's phone, and will then establish the call. Now, let's discuss whythe frequency spectrum is quite important inmobile phone communications. To transfer zeros and onesin digital communication, each subscriber isallocated a frequency range. However, the frequency spectrum available for cellular communicationsis quite limited, and there are billions of subscribers. This issue is solved withthe help of two technologies, one frequency slot distribution, and two, multiple access technique. In the first technique, different frequency slotsare carefully allocated to different cell towers. In the multiple access technique, this frequency slot isefficiently distributed amongst all the activeusers in the cell area. Now, the big question. Why are there different generations of mobile phone technologies? 1G originally allowedusers, for the first time, to carry a phone withouta cable attached to it. But 1G suffered from two major problems. The first problem was thatthe wireless transmission was in an analog format. Analog signals that are easilyaltered by external sources. So, it provided poor voicequality and poor security. The second problem was that it used the frequency divisionmultiple access technique, which used the availablespectrum in an inefficient way. These factors paved the wayfor the second generation of mobile communications, 2G used digital multiple accesstechnologies, namely TDMA, or CDMA technology. The second generation also introduced a revolutionarydata service, SMS, and internet browsing. 3G technology was focused on giving a higher data transfer speed. It used a WCD multiple access technique, along with an increase in bandwidth. To achieve this, the 3G speed of two Mbps allowed the transfer of data for uses such as GPS, videos,voice calls, et cetera. 3G was a huge step in the transformation of the basic phone to a smartphone. Next came 4G, which achievedspeeds of 20 to 100 Mbps. This was suitable for highresolution movies and television. This higher speed was made possible due to the OFD multiple access technology, and MIMO technology. MIMO uses multipletransmitter receiver antennas inside both the mobilephone and the towers. The next generation ofmobile communication, 5G, to be rolled out soon, will use enhanced MIMOtechnology and millimeter waves. It will provide seamless connectivity to support the internet of things, such as driverless cars and smart homes. Would you like to learnhow a touchscreen works? Please check out this video. Please don't forget tosubscribe to Learn Engineering, and your support atpatreon.com is invaluable. Thank you.
How do Touchscreens work? By: Branch Education What enabled smartphones to dominate as a technology- to be so prolific and critical to our lives that I I would rather lose my car keys or wallet than my smartphone. The answer to this question isn’t a simple one liner, but rather it's a combination of answers, app development, wireless internet, carrier networks, Steve Jobs’ brilliant marketing, tho I would argue the most important contributor was the seamless combination of different functions and technologies into a single package. In this episode we're going to explore the most distinctive feature of the smartphone’s merging of technologies- the touchscreen display. There are three technologies in the touchscreen display These technologies are combined all on top of each other. When you felt and used a smartphone for the first time, you just knew that you were holding something revolutionary – something different from all previous phones. These… were not new technologies. Many devices used a tactile interface, and color displays had already been a standard for most phones. Even toughened glass had been discovered in the 1800s. But the innovative element was combining them seamlessly. One layer on top of another like magic. Ok, so let’s get into the layers of a touchscreen display. On the top, we have the protective glass. A lot of us have had a screen shatter but think about how many times you’ve dropped it and it hasn’t. That’s because a smartphone’s glass is over 5x stronger than normal glass. And, before the first iPhone showed up in 2007 the standard for cellphone screens was plastic and although plastic doesn’t shatter, it is very easily scratched. If the screen were covered in plastic, it wouldn’t last a week sitting in your pocket next to your keys before having dozens of scratches all over it. So, what makes toughened glass so much stronger? A smartphone’s glass is an aluminosilicate glass that is toughened by soaking it in a bath of molten potassium nitrate. This causes the sodium atoms in the glass migrate out, and much larger potassium atoms take their place. Because the potassium atoms are much larger, they generate a substantial compressive force on the surface of the glass. Here’s a quick analogy: imagine filling the backseat of a car with 3 average sized people. They fit snugly but if you push them, they're still able to move. Now replace those 3 people with 3 football linebackers.Those linebackers are just flat out stuck- unable to move. It would take much more force to move those linebackers from their seats. This is the fundamental concept behind what makes toughened glass special, the atoms are compressed so it would take more force for the glass to break. Below the toughened glass is a projected capacitive touchscreen that senses the presence and location of conductive materials,such as your finger tip. This touchscreen is composed of two transparent diamond grid patternsprinted on polyester with an optically clear insulator in the middle. The diamond grid pattern is printed with a transparent, material called Indium Tin Oxide or ITO which acts as a conductor. Let’s take a closer look on how it works. say we build up a bunch of electrons on this blue diamond, however because there is an insulator in the way, the electrons cannot move. The electrons generate a negative electric field which causes a bunch of positive charges to build up on the yellow diamond This is called a capacitor. Now, when we move a conductive material such as the tip of your finger close to this capacitor it disrupts the electric field which changes the amount of positive charges that build up on the yellow diamond. The change in positive charges caused by this disruption on the yellow diamond is measured, and the processor registers this as a touch. The location of the touch is detected by scanning the charges or voltage along the blue diamond rows, while actively measuring each yellow diamond column. Note that each row of blue diamonds is connected together, also each column of yellow diamonds is connected. This setup makes a grid of blue columns and yellow rows. Just to clarify again, all of these components are made with transparent materials. Measuring each point requires too much circuitry, so we only measure each column. The charge or voltage gets sent to each row in quick succession, so the processor can register multiple touches at once Below that is a display which uses LCD or OLED technology. While the LCD and the OLED display both produce high quality images, in this episode we are going to focus on the OLED technology as it is the standard in most new Smartphones. OLED stands for Organic light emitting diode. This high-resolution OLED display is what generates the high-quality images that we see whenever we look at our smartphone. This is a crazy intricate grid! Current 2018 high-end phones can have over 3.3 million pixels. That means there are 10 million microscopic individually controlled dimmable red green and blue lights in the palm of your hand. Take a moment to think about the engineering level recuired to control let alone design and manufacture that many microscopic lights! OLED displays are composed of a massive grid of individual pixels and each pixel is composed of a red green, and blue subpixel. Each subpixel’s light intensity is controlled by a small thin film transistor that acts as a dimmer switch. There are many layered structures in each sub pixel, however explaining the function of each layer will have to be saved for a future episode. Photons are produced in the subpixel by electrons that are driven from the negative to the positive terminal. When they pass through this middle layer here, called the emissive layer,photons are emitted through a release of energy. The compounds used to make up the emissive layer determines the color of the light emitted, and the intensity of this light is dependent on how many electrons pass through. This explanation is greatly simplified but the research, engineering and science behind OLEDs is extensive. In fact the 2014 Nobel prize in Physics was awarded to 3 researchers for their discovery of efficient blue light emitting diodes! So, let’s summarize: on the bottom is an OLED display composed of a 10 million itty bitty little colored lights. On top of that is a transparent projected capacitive touchscreen that can sense one or multiple finger touches at a time. And on top of that is strengthened glass that protects your screen from scratches and most falls. Now you too are a touchscreen expert! If you have any questions, post them to the comments below. Subscribe, Like, and tell your friends or family about something you learned. This episode details the structure of a touchscreen display. Branches from this episode are: Multitouch design, electric fields, Capacitors OLEDs and their control, LCDs, Why are materials transparent? And interface aesthetics. .
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Hey there, viewers! Welcome to the Bestie channel. Do you love smoothies? Well today’s video will make you want topour yourself an extra g...
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Hello, viewer. Weight loss will be followed by fatigue and constant tiredness. But if you are looking for a body transformation, we would h...